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Plot Curves: Package pgfplots

Parabolas, $\mathcal{P}_{a,b,c}$

\[ y=ax^2+bx+c, a \neq 0 \] Vertex: \[ \overrightarrow{OV} = \begin{pmatrix}x_0\\y_0\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{b}{2a} \\ -\frac{b^2-4ac}{4a} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{b}{2a} \\ -a\left( \frac{b}{2a} \right)^2 +c \end{pmatrix} \] Observe: \[ y_0 = -a x_0^2+c, \] $V \in \mathcal{P}_{-a,0,c}=\mathcal{P}_V$.

TiKZ Listing: Fig.tikz.tex. PDF PNG SVG ZIP*

\documentclass[]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{calc} 
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.14} 

\usepackage{numprint}
\usepackage{xcolor}

%Draw Parabolas: y=ax^2+bx+c
%a,c fixed, b varying

\begin{document}
   \begin{tikzpicture}
       \tikzstyle{texts}=[below,font={\small},blue]
       
       \tikzmath{\a=1;}
       \tikzmath{\c=1;}
       
       
       \tikzmath{\bfirst=-4.0;}
       \tikzmath{\blast= 4.0;}
       \tikzmath{\N=50;}
       \tikzmath{\dx=2;}

       %Variation of colors - color in [0,100].
       \tikzmath{\dn=100/\N;}
       
       %Steps of b
       \tikzmath{\db=(\blast-\bfirst)/\N;}
       
       %Coordinate system
       \draw[-latex] (-4,0) -- (4,0) node [right] {$x$};
       \draw[-latex] (0,-3) -- (0,5) node [above] {$y$};
       
       %Vertex Parabola title
       \tikzmath{\x=2.1;}
       \coordinate (V) at ({-\x},{    -\a*\x*\x+\c  });
       \node[texts] at (V) {$y=-\a \cdot x^2+\c$};
       \coordinate (V) at ({\x},{    -\a*\x*\x+\c  });
       \node[texts] at (V) {$V \in \mathcal{P}_V$};
      
       %Figure title
       \node[texts] at (0,5.75) 
       {$y=\a \cdot x^2+b x+\c, \qquad \bfirst \leq b \leq \blast$};
       
       \foreach \n in {0,1,...,\N}
       {
           %\b and color, \color
           \tikzmath{\b=\bfirst+\n*\db;}
           \tikzmath{\color=\n*\dn;}
          
           %Discriminante
           \tikzmath{\d=\b*\b-4*\a*\c;}
           
           %Symmetrical value
           \tikzmath{\bb=-0.5*\b/\a;}
          
           %Interval to draw, symmetrical around \bb 
           \tikzmath{\xlower=\bb-\dx;}
           \tikzmath{\xupper=\bb+\dx;}
           
           \draw
              [
                 thick,smooth,
                 domain=\xlower:\xupper,
                 variable=\x,
                 %Convex combination of colors
                 color=orange!\color!cyan
              ]
              plot ({\x},{    \a*\x*\x+\b*\x+\c  })
              %node[right]
              %{\tiny{
              %   $b=$ %round to 1 decimal
              %   \nprounddigits{1}\numprint{\b}
              %}}
              ;
       }
       
       \foreach \n in {0,1,...,\N}
       {
           %\b and color, \color
           \tikzmath{\b=\bfirst+\n*\db;}
           \tikzmath{\color=\n*\dn;}
          
           %Discriminante
           \tikzmath{\d=\b*\b-4*\a*\c;}
           %Symmetry value
           \tikzmath{\bb=-0.5*\b/\a;}
           
           %Vertex
           \coordinate[gray] (V) at ($(   \bb,   -0.25*\d/\a   )$);
           \filldraw (V) circle(0.75pt);
       }
          
       %Vertex Parabola
       \draw
           [
              thick,smooth,
              domain=-2.1:2.1,
              variable=\x,
              color=blue
           ]
           plot ({\x},{    -\a*\x*\x+\c  });
       
       
   \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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